Proximal Gradient Algorithms for Gaussian Variational Inference: Optimization in the Bures–Wasserstein Space

thesis
My MEng thesis. Translates the machinery of Euclidean optimization to the Bures-Wasserstein space to develop state-of-the-art algorithms for Gaussian variational inference.
Author

Michael Diao

Published

May 12, 2023

Abstract
Variational inference (VI) seeks to approximate a target distribution \pi by an element of a tractable family of distributions. Of key interest in statistics and machine learning is Gaussian VI, which approximates \pi by minimizing the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to \pi over the space of Gaussians. In this work, we develop the (Stochastic) Forward-Backward Gaussian Variational Inference (FB-GVI) algorithm to solve Gaussian VI. Our approach exploits the composite structure of the KL divergence, which can be written as the sum of a smooth term (the potential) and a non-smooth term (the entropy) over the Bures-Wasserstein (BW) space of Gaussians endowed with the Wasserstein distance. For our proposed algorithm, we obtain state-of-the-art convergence guarantees when \pi is log-smooth and log-concave, as well as the first convergence guarantees to first-order stationary solutions when \pi is only log-smooth. Additionally, in the setting where the potential admits a representation as the average of many smooth component functionals, we develop and analyze a variance-reduced extension to (Stochastic) FB–GVI with improved complexity guarantees.

References

Diao, Michael Ziyang. 2023. “Proximal Gradient Algorithms for Gaussian Variational Inference: Optimization in the Bures–Wasserstein Space.” Master’s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Diao, Michael Ziyang, Krishna Balasubramanian, Sinho Chewi, and Adil Salim. 2023. “Forward-Backward Gaussian Variational Inference via JKO in the Bures-Wasserstein Space.” In Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning, 202:7960–91. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research. PMLR. https://proceedings.mlr.press/v202/diao23a.html.